Which ethical principle refers to the duty to do no harm?

The ethical principle that refers to the duty to do no harm is nonmaleficence. This concept is foundational in the field of healthcare and patient advocacy, emphasizing the obligation of practitioners to avoid causing any unnecessary harm or injury to patients.

Nonmaleficence not only involves refraining from harmful actions but also encompasses the responsibility to prevent harm through careful assessment and consideration of the risks versus benefits of any action taken. It serves as a guiding principle for healthcare providers to ensure that their interventions do not lead to adverse effects on patients' health and well-being.

In contrast, beneficence focuses on the obligation to act in the best interest of the patient, advocating for actions that promote good and positive outcomes. Justice pertains to fairness and equality in the distribution of healthcare resources and treatment, ensuring that all patients are treated equitably. Autonomy involves respecting a patient’s right to make their own decisions regarding their healthcare, emphasizing informed consent and individual choice. Therefore, it's the principle of nonmaleficence that specifically addresses the imperative to avoid harm, making it the correct answer.