What obligation involves promoting good and preventing harm to a patient?

The obligation that involves promoting good and preventing harm to a patient is known as beneficence. This principle is foundational in medical ethics and emphasizes the importance of taking actions that contribute positively to the well-being of patients. Beneficence requires healthcare professionals to act in the best interests of their patients, making decisions that improve their health outcomes and enhance their overall quality of life. This could include administering effective treatments, providing comfort care, and educating patients about healthy practices.

The notion of promoting good encompasses a wide range of activities, from clinical interventions to supportive measures, all aimed at achieving a positive health impact. Conversely, preventing harm aligns closely with the idea of minimizing risks and adverse effects in healthcare settings, thus ensuring patient safety is a top priority.

In the context of the other obligations listed, autonomy refers to respecting a patient's right to make their own decisions. Justice deals with fairness and equity in treatment and access to healthcare resources. Fidelity pertains to loyalty, faithfulness, and maintaining trust in the patient-provider relationship. While all these principles are important in patient advocacy, beneficence specifically channels the intention of taking active steps towards the welfare of the patient, making it the correct answer.