What is a legal document that specifies who should be contacted for treatment decisions when a patient is no longer competent?

A healthcare proxy is a legal document that designates an individual to make medical decisions on behalf of a patient in the event that the patient becomes incapacitated and unable to communicate their wishes. This role typically falls to a trusted family member, friend, or appointed individual who is familiar with the patient's values and preferences regarding treatment.

The importance of a healthcare proxy lies in its ability to ensure that a patient's treatment aligns with their desires even when they are not able to express them due to a medical condition. Establishing a healthcare proxy can provide peace of mind for both patients and their families, knowing that there is someone legally recognized to carry out decisions based on the patient’s previously stated wishes or best interests.

In contrast, informed consent pertains to the process of obtaining clear agreement from patients before proceeding with medical treatments based on their understanding of the risks and benefits, making it less relevant in situations where the patient is no longer competent. An independent patient advocate and an institutional patient advocate typically assist patients in navigating the healthcare system or addressing grievances rather than making specific treatment decisions as outlined in a healthcare proxy.